2013年12月27日 星期五

5策略化解對立危機, 不再怕衝突

5策略化解對立危機, 不再怕衝突

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面對衝突時,透過釐清你在這場衝突中真正想要的是什麼、願意捨棄什麼,再針對當下的衝突情境做出選擇,就能順利引導衝突走向你想要的結果。
日本KDDI創辦人稻盛和夫說:「不同的意見愈多愈好,因為它最終的結論將更高明,會減少公司犯錯的風險。」管理大師彼得‧杜拉克(Peter Drucker)也認為:「意見相左、甚至衝突,是必要的,也是非常受歡迎的事。」
旗下有SonyBMG、蘭登書屋(Random House)的全球第三大私人媒體集團博德曼(Bertelsmann)的執行長湯瑪士‧米德霍夫(Thomas Middelhoff),上任之初,就聲稱決心將這家企業打造成「德國迪士尼」,他高調而強勢的作風,與創辦博德曼的孟恩家族(Mohn Family),神祕而不喜張揚的性格,完全背道而馳。
米德霍夫一心想讓博德曼公開上市,但對家族成員來說,這根本是變相削權、奪取利益,這件事徹底惹毛了家族領導人萊因哈特‧孟恩(Reinhard Mohn),孟恩發了封信給所有員工,明白指出:「肇因於某些管理者的無能與貪婪,阻礙企業發展,因此創辦家族必須保留更多決策權。」不久,米德霍夫果然被掃地出門。
孟恩在削弱執行長職權以家族的領導權取代之,就是要讓繼任者,別再妄想要撼動孟恩家族分毫,岡特‧席藍(Gunter Tielen)就在這場風暴中接任執行長,外界預測他將在短期內黯然下台。
事實上,席藍的表現跌破了所有人的眼鏡,2002年《時代》(Time)雜誌報導,席藍上任後,取消了首席營運長的職位,將職權切割成6個不同的職位,針對此舉,他表示:「一個人做不了這麼多事,需要有更多不同的人提供管理技術。」席藍權力下放的做法為他贏得家族信任、安撫企業員工,也讓自己先從權力衝突中抽身。
做衝突的主人,激發組織建設性討論接著,席藍設計了一套對話方式,企圖讓每個階層、部門的工作者,都能為了達成目標,展開有建設性的對話,將個人的口角之爭而產生的衝突,扭轉成工作者對議題、組織發展的意見交流,不斷製造每個人對話的機會,藉此消除歧見。
最後,席藍為所有工作者設立一個共有願景,讓泰半工作者能有更多「擁有」博德曼的感受,也更敢提出建言,不會因為家族企業的一言堂色彩,令多元意見消失,也為博德曼留住人才。
2006年,博德曼的年度淨利潤大幅攀升至24.2億歐元,成長將近1.5倍。「博德曼從未有這麼豐厚的獲利,我們的前進方向是對的,」席藍表示;他的傑出表現,為自己贏得延長兩年的執行長合約,席藍於2008年順利交棒。
席藍將堪稱是博德曼內部最大的組織衝突危機,用信任、共有願景,以及建設性衝突3個步驟,轉為企業成長的契機。
你覺得執行長與家族企業的衝突離你太遙遠了嗎?回到每日的工作現場、細想每個場景:長官交辦無理的業務;與同事在專案上有不同想法;行銷與研發天天為了預算拍桌瞪眼,其實每個辦公室裡,衝突無所不在,端看你用什麼態度處理它。
建立共同願景,化解衝突為向上動力台灣大學工商管理學系教授戚樹誠表示,衝突肇因於「雙方因需要、價值觀念和利益所求不同,而產生不同的意見或結果。」根據研究結果發現,比起美國人,華人社會更規避衝突的發生。
「我們習慣向外界求助、拖延或乾脆無奈接受,」戚樹誠坦言,這對組織毫無助益,事實上,我們討厭的是停留在人身攻擊的「關係衝突」,而非能讓討論愈變愈好的「工作衝突」。戚樹誠指出,當組織間針對議題而產生的工作衝突愈多,所生產的建設性反而愈高;反之,倘若組織充斥著以人身攻擊為主的關係衝突,對組織的貢獻則會幾近於零。
回過頭來看,另外一個值得令工作者學習的故事。
1971年,領導力大師華倫‧班尼斯(Warren Bennis),接任辛辛那堤大學(University of Cincinnati)校長,當時辛辛那堤大學裡,充斥著大學附屬醫院中發生醫病糾紛、學生與家長之間的關係衝突,甚至是龐大的財務危機與員工內鬥,剛開始他被這些糾紛搞得精疲力竭、無法專注,於是班尼斯靜下心思考:「什麼樣的領導者,才能讓這個組織前進?」
他決定掌握衝突,而不被衝突控制;他領悟到工作者被衝突困擾的原因在於:「讓自己降格為日常生活的衝突管理人」,因此班尼斯決定跳脫窘境,他從設立共同願景開始,因為當組織的共有目標非常清晰時,一個強而有力的團隊能讓事情變得更好,也能讓這些紛爭在組織中起催化作用,變成組織重生的化學劑。
結果,班尼斯與他的團隊成功化解財務危機、同時提升了辛辛那堤州立大學系統的教學品質;2009年,美國《普林斯頓評論》(The Princeton Review)表示,該大學為美國中西部最棒的大學之一。
站在制高點思考,有效處理向上衝突「不斷逃避問題,並不代表問題不存在,很有可能是到了明年、後年,問題會變得更加嚴重,」戚樹誠表示,因此,有意識的培養工作者對內談判的技巧,絕對有利於組織找出弊病。
事實上,領導者管理衝突是必要的,而對於一般工作者而言,其實更應該應學習如何管理與主管之間的衝突,否則一味退讓、逃避,事情得不到良善的解決方式,無形中也讓你愈工作,愈不快樂。
戚樹誠解釋,面對衝突時,向上管理成功的關鍵在於,你能否在不快的情況下,仍適時的「同理主管的想法」;換個角色,想清楚這時你能做什麼?你應該要站在什麼樣的位置,給予主管更多幫助?從他的角度出發為彼此的衝突解套,找出更多在衝突場景中,比被動接受、退讓更好的策略。
當在思考框架上自行做出改變時,能會基層工作者有機會站在制高點,推估企業發展與決策中,可能會遭遇的困難與錯誤;其次,也可以訓練自己應對進退的技巧、了解現有的優勢與籌碼;最後,戚樹誠表示,當你能夠「想到主管想不到的事情」,追隨者就可能轉變成為領導者的角色,主動出擊、成功做到衝突管理。
中西方傑出經理人對組織裡的意見衝突,見解相同,原因在於他們都能夠掌握衝突、面對衝突,並且引導衝突邁入正向循環。所以,行為科學家肯尼斯‧湯瑪士(Kenneth Thomas)與雷夫‧克理曼(Ralph Kilmann)提出面對衝突情境下,你可以採取的5種策略,讓你面對衝突也能迎刃化解。
5策略掌握衝突,引導出理想結果「湯瑪士-克里曼衝突二維模式」(Thomas Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument)以「堅持」為縱坐標、「合作」為橫坐標,定義出在衝突情境中的二維空間,以及5種衝突處理的策略:
1.退讓策略(accommod ating):低堅持與高合作型。希望滿足對方,因此將對方的利益擺在自己的利益之上,替未來可能的成果鋪路。
2.競爭策略(competing):高堅持與低合作型。只追求達到自己的目標和獲取利益,不考慮衝突對對方的影響,非爭個你死我活不可。
3.合作策略(collaborating):高堅持與高合作型。衝突的雙方都希望滿足彼此需求時,便會竭力尋求對兩者皆有利的結果。
4.妥協策略(compromising):中堅持與中合作型。這種情況是雙方對自己的權益爭取上各做了某些層面的讓步,雙方各退一步,以求得彼此能夠早日達成共識。
5.逃避策略(avoiding):低堅持與低合作型。沒有力量或立場爭取想要的結果時,暫時選擇不願面對現狀,降緩發生更大衝突的可能。
而《思考談判學》作者羅伊‧魯維奇(Roy J. Lewicki)認為由彼此的關係與對結果在乎的程度兩個考量,判斷在哪種情境下,該選擇何種策略。
透過這兩個先決條件,釐清你在這場衝突中真正想要的是什麼、願意捨棄什麼,再針對當下的衝突情境做出選擇,引導衝突走向你想要的結果。
班尼斯曾說:「沒有人比得上所有人加起來那麼聰明。」在組織向上成長的過程裡,難免爆發衝突的火花,但身為一名好的領導者,應該要善用每次意見相左的時刻,為組織找出全新生機。
面對衝突,在心態上我們得轉個念,接受在組織內衝突、和平與建設是可以同時存在的;其次,在行為上我們得試著信任對方,讓衝突停留在「事」而非「人」身上;最後,我們要學會,在不同的時機,運用更多的練習與技巧,選擇正確面對衝突的態度,巧妙地化解衝突於無形。
( 企畫‧採訪‧撰文 / 陳書榕,本文取材自《經理人月刊》2013年4月號)

2013年12月26日 星期四

人生首要成就:性格建構

人生首要成就:性格建構

轉載自:http://3fathom.blogspot.hk/?view=flipcard
2013-12-26 8:00:00
馬頭星雲(2012年 攝於三噚天文觀測站):黑暗的塵埃和旋轉的氣體構成的形狀酷似馬的頭。
馬頭星雲(2012年 攝於三噚天文觀測站):黑暗的塵埃和旋轉的氣體構成的形狀酷似馬的頭。
天文攝影的對象,不乏有性格者!如文首中馬頭星雲是最容易識別的星雲之一,因為從地球看過去,黑暗的塵埃和旋轉的氣體構成的形狀酷似馬的頭。背景的紅光主要來自星雲後面的氫氣被鄰近獵戶座的亮星電離 (Ionized) 產生,而黑暗的馬頭主要是由濃厚的塵埃造成。離開星雲的氣體因為附近強大的磁場而形成漏斗狀,馬頭星雲基部的亮點皆是正在形成中的年輕恆星。
古希臘神話中太陽神和四匹馬每天從東方城堡出發,橫過天空,到了日落時分,便進入西邊海中,每天如此。所以,馬和太陽神便連在一起,成為火熱的象徵。馬年出生的人具有火熱性格,熱情大方,心中藏不住秘密,善與人相處,朋友多,有人緣,喜歡社交活動。開朗、積極也是馬年出生之人的特性,但缺點是做事常不能持久,無法貫徹到底,所以會被認為沒有責任心。
眾行星 (Planets) 亦是古代各地神話中人格化的角式。例如土星 (Saturn) 的名稱来自于羅馬神話中的農業之神(拉丁文: Saturnus ),希臘神話中的 Kronos (泰坦族 Titans 之一,宙斯 Zeus 的父親)、巴比倫神話中的尼努爾塔和印度神話中的沙尼。在星相學 (Astrology ,一門偽科學 ) 中,土星代表使命感,紀律,責任心,肉體和感情在困境中的堅忍,以及長遠規劃人生的性格。
土星(2008年 攝於三噚天文觀測站):土星的特徵是一個顯著的環。
土星(2008年 攝於三噚天文觀測站):土星的特徵是一個顯著的環。
土星是氣體巨星,主要由氫組成,還有少量的氦與微量元素 (Trace Elements) ,內部的核心包括岩石和冰,外圍由數層金屬氫和氣體包裹著。最外層的大氣層在外觀上通常平靜,但亦有長期存在的特徵。土星的風速高達每小時1,800公里,比木星上的風還要快。土星的特徵是一個顯著的環,環系統主要的成分是冰的微粒和較少數的岩石殘骸以及塵土。已經確認土星有62顆衛星。

優良性格之文化相對性

何謂優良性格?優良性格組成部分與我們的價值觀息息相關,具有文化差異或相對性 (Cultural Relativism) ,價值觀的異同直接影響優良性格的定義。
傳統思維對性格的詮釋多與道德觀 (Morality) 有關,性格被解釋成抽象的道德行為概念。
蘇格拉底認為自我認知是通往幸福的道路;柏拉圖則視幸福為尋找更深刻的意義。「四大德 (Four Cardinal Virtues) 」即智德(明智) Prudence 、義德(正義) Justice 、勇德(勇敢) Fortitude 和節德(節制) Restraint/Temperance ,被視作良好性格的典範。亞里士多德認為幸福就是在一生中按照美德理性生活。斯多葛哲學 (Stoicism) 也認為,人們可以通過控制情感,以客觀和理性達到幸福。
猶太教認為順從神命是美德,會帶來幸福和獎賞。天主教教義針對人的自我中心,自我放縱和自戀,抗拒七宗罪,把傲慢、妒忌、暴怒、懶惰、貪婪、貪食及色慾視為人類惡行。相反地,享樂主義相信要在簡單的個人享受中實現幸福,而浪漫主義者則重視個人情感的表達,並追求情感上不受社會規範妨礙的「真我」。基督教教義把目光放到世外,認為真正的幸福不在地上,只有在天堂才有。而「三神德 (Three Theological Virtues) 」的信 (Faith) 、望 (Hope) 、愛 (Love/Charity) 被認為是良好性格的典範。
以近代心理學註釋,人格 (Personality) 是每個人心理特徵的整合统一體,相對穩定地在不同時地影響着人的内隱和外顯的心理特徵和行為模式。而性格 (Character) 則是人格的重要的组成部分,是人格中涉及社會評價/道德的那一部分;可以說,性格是人格的社會屬性的體現。性格主要體現在對自己、對别人、對事物的態度/心理傾向和採取的言行上。
在文藝復興和啟蒙時代,個人主義逐漸被重視。有創造力的個人被獲得尊重。實用主義認為道德行為是指最大化最多數人的幸福的行為,故此應該用一門關於幸福的經驗主義科學來界定何謂道德行為。現代資本主義意識形態著重自由競爭,適者生存,經濟適應能力及個人對幸福的追求,工作道德 (Work Ethic) 推崇個人生產力最大化。着重以方法 (Method) 及技巧 (Technique) 去走捷徑,操縱情勢及為我所用的人格道德 (Personality Ethic) 因有利於生活適應力, 備受推崇;「積極思維 (Positive Thinking) 」或「相信自己 (Believe in Yourself) 」被認為是良好性格的典範。

人生首要成就 : 性格建構 (Character Building)

與膚淺的人格道德不同,性格道德 (Character Ethic) 須要每個人從內心深處深刻改變,認同並實踐人類美德。性格影響個人一生中的關鍵抉擇和行事取態,所以可說是性格決定命運;優良性格是達成幸福人生成功的關鍵。
性格建構是培養成具備優良人類特質的過程。性格建構是人生中最重要及最獨特的成就,比財富、名氣、事業等都来得重要。財富、名氣、事業在人死後很快被遺忘,但優良性格令人永遠津津樂道。

核心美德

正面心理學 (Positive Psychology) 研究個人和社區繁盛的力量和美德,冀能發現和培養人才和能力,提高正常生活的質素。一些人本主義心理學家,如亞伯拉罕·馬斯洛 (Abraham Maslow) ,卡爾·羅哲斯 (Carl Rogers) ,和埃里希·弗洛姆 (Eric Fromm) 倡導與人類幸福有關的理論和實踐。
這些關於人類繁盛的理論從正面心理學家的研究找到了實驗支持。研究曾列舉出人類性格長處和優點。 Peterson & Seligman 於2004年首次發表「性格優點和美德手冊 (Handbook on Character Strengths and Virtues) 」,識別和分類人類正面的心理特徵,列出六個「核心美德」 , 共有24個可測量的性格優點,並舉出人格化體現這些性格優點的名人實例:
  • 智慧和知識 Wisdom and Knowledge(涉及獲取和使用知識的性格優點)
    • 創造力 Creativity :以新穎及具建設性的方法去思維或辦事(例如愛因斯坦
    • 好奇心 Curiosity :對所有宇宙/世界事物和人類體驗皆表達興趣並探索真相(例如約翰·C·莉莉
    • 開放的胸襟 Open-mindedness :不拘泥於一己之見,凡事從每種不同角度去思考探討(例如威廉·詹姆斯
    • 熱愛學習 Love of Learning :熱衷追尋及掌握新技術、課題及知識(例如本傑明富蘭克林
    • 洞察力和智慧 Perspective and Wisdom :融會貫通各方面的知識和經驗,轉化為可行之建議和忠告(例如安蘭德斯
  • 勇氣 Courage (迎難而上完成面前目標的性格優點)
  • 人文精神 Humanity (守護別人及與他人為友的性格優點)
  • 正義 Justice (建立健康社區的性格優點)
    • 積極公民/社會責任/忠誠度/團隊 Active Citizenship/Social Responsibility/Loyalty/Teamwork :善於在群體中貢獻自己的力量(例如 Sam Nzima )
    • 公平 Fairness :以平等,公義意識去對待所有人(例如聖雄甘地
    • 領導能力 Leadership :組織並成功推動公眾事務
  • 節制 Temperance (防止縱情無度的性格優點)
    • 寬恕和憐憫 Forgiveness and Mercy :寬恕及善待犯錯的人(例如教宗若望保祿二世
    • 謙卑和謙虛 Humility and Modesty :從不自誇,只讓成就自然流露(例如 Bill W. ,匿名戒酒會創始人)
    • 謹慎 Prudence :審慎作當下決定,不讓所言所行令自己事後懊悔(例如 Fred Soper )
    • 自我調節和自我控制 Self-regulation and Self Control :根據客觀情況調控自己的感受和行為(例如 Jerry Rice )
  • 超越 Transcendence (連繫宇宙及終極意義的性格優點)
    • 欣賞美和卓越 Appreciation of Beauty and Excellency :察覺並欣賞生活各範疇中擁有美、卓越及精湛的人和事物(例如 Walt Whitman )
    • 感恩 Gratitude :察覺並感激生命中美好的人和事物(例如 G·K·卻斯特頓
    • 希望 Hope :期望並努力達成最好的結果(例如馬丁·路德·金
    • 幽默感和趣味性 Humor and Playfulness :善於以笑話和戲謔去令他人歡樂(例如馬克·吐溫
    • 靈性 /目的性和連貫性的感覺 Spirituality, or a sense of purpose and coherence :對生命意義及高層次的生活目標擁有連貫及包羅萬象的信仰(例如史懷哲
上述的性格優點雖仍有文化相對性,尤其是其中的人格化例子,偏重西方意識形態,但具有-定的科學客觀性,頗有啟發意義。
教育或有被視作灌輸知識,提升個人生活適應力及保證社區持續發展的過程。但性格道德對每個人的明智人生取態,幸福人生決定以及個人和社區繁盛皆有關鍵性的影響,所以我們亦應重視個人美德培育的教育理想。既然性格建構是人生中最重要及最獨特的成就,培養學生的優良性格亦應是教育事業中的首要目標。

三噚天文觀測站

三噚天文觀測站

以「非常規」觀點察看宇宙,人生;以「生命自創」精神推廣平衡, 長壽生活;以思維,智慧抗衡庸俗習慣及大眾文化的催眠。 業餘天文學家 Stewart K C Yeung : 皇仁, 港大社科,愛丁堡大學,政府高級城市規劃師。五十歲前自願退休,自修物理學,籌建天文觀測站。找出,切除肺癌後創立 fb 「長壽圈」。

2013年11月24日 星期日

讓孩子成為interview之皇?

網上最近流傳一張嬰幼兒學前教育學校的巴士廣告照,圖中廣告鼓勵家長為孩子報讀該校課程,「讓孩子成為interview之皇」。有人認為廣告標語反智,「interview之皇」令人不明所以,亦有人認為這是家長催谷子女教育的產物。
家長緊張子女學習無可厚非,但是過早催谷未必是好事。英國劍橋大學教育學院就有文章指出,與其讓小孩盡早接受正規學習,倒不如讓他們玩多幾年,因為小孩要「懂事」,並非必要依靠讀書不可,邊玩邊學亦有效用,甚至會比前者更有效。
在9月,有130個學前教育專家在《每日電訊報》聯署,希望以玩樂為主導的的學前教育可以伸延至7歲,簡單而言要求當局可讓孩子不用接受幼稚園的「正規教育」,玩到上小學。
專家都是有根有據,他們拿出人類學、心理學、神經科學的研究去證明玩樂對小孩十分重要。當中專家認為小孩與人玩耍,實際上對應了以往古人學習群體相處,以及學習與其他哺乳類物種共存的能力,最終可幫助小孩學習能力更高,更容易解決問題。另外從神經科學而言,好玩的活動可刺激小孩大腦額葉的發展,而額葉是對人控制心理和情緒有著關鍵影響。
學習太多易過度受壓
文章又指出了,玩樂式學習比指示式學習更能讓小孩有更強的學習能力和動機。當中說,小孩可以透過玩樂得到學會抽象表達、識字;又可以透過運動、與人玩耍而得到智力和管理情緒的能力,不一定要透過指示或規範性強的學習才會得到。有多份報告已經證明,後半的20世紀,小孩學習的時間增加,玩耍的時間減少,提高了小孩即時或將來出現壓力和心理問題的機會。
另外,文章又說有追蹤研究比較了紐西蘭兩組小孩,一組在5歲就開始正規的識字課,另一組則在7歲才開始。研究最後發現,較早接受正規教育的一組小孩,長遠而言對其閱讀能力的發展不會有改善,甚至會倒退。到11歲的時候,兩組小孩的閱讀能力其實沒有分別,但是較早接受的一組小孩,他們會比較抗拒閱讀,而且文字表達能力亦會比較遲接受的一組小孩差。
在另一個收集了55個國家數據,調查15歲青少年閱讀成就的研究亦發現,閱讀成就的高低,跟何時接受正規教育沒有緊密關係。

by the house news

2013年8月28日 星期三

Daily Promises That Create Motivation

People ask me fairly often how I've kept myself motivated to blog virtually every workday for the past six years. It's simple. I begin every day with the following commitments:

1. Creativity

Today I will make something new and different and thereby change the world for the better.

2. Resourcefulness

Today I will become strong by overcoming obstacles with persistence and flexibility.

3. Enthusiasm

Today I will permit myself to become excited in anticipation of whatever might happen.

4. Perceptiveness 

Today I will look beyond my preconceptions to see the truths that I missed before.

5. Appreciation

Today I will remember the miracle of conscious existence, which is all too soon over.

6. Sensitivity

Today I will remain aware of the emotions of others and how they interact with my own.

7. Relaxation

Today I will spend at least one hour doing something that's just because I enjoy it.

8. Happiness

Today I will do my best to remain happy, regardless of the circumstances of the hour.

9. Power

Today, I will use some of whatever power I possess in the service and for the welfare of others.

10. Health 

Today, I will take action to ensure that I'm in better health than I was yesterday or the day before.

11. Wonder

Today I will sit back and marvel at the unexpected, without which life would be boring.

12. Playfulness

Today I will express, at least once, the joy of the child who still lives inside me.

13. Gratitude

Today I will be thankful for all the wonderful things in my life: my family, my friends and, yes, my work.
Have a wonderful holiday and fabulous 2013!

GEOFFREY JAMES writes "Sales Source on Inc.com," the world's most-read sales-oriented blog. His new book, Business Without the Bullsh*t, will be published in early 2014. To get weekly blog updates, sign up for his free "Insider" newsletter.
@Sales_Source

14 Easy Ways to Get Insanely Motivated


Here's a column that I guarantee will make you more more successful in both your professional and personal lives.
Here are 14 quick strategies to get and keep yourself motivated:
1. Condition your mind. Train yourself to think positive thoughts while avoiding negative thoughts.
2. Condition your body. It takes physical energy to take action.  Get your food and exercise budget in place and follow it like a business plan.
3. Avoid negative people. They drain your energy and waste your time, so hanging with them is like shooting yourself in the foot.
4. Seek out the similarly motivated. Their positive energy will rub off on you and you can imitate their success strategies.
5. Have goals–but remain flexible. No plan should be cast in concrete, lest it become more important than achieving the goal.
6. Act with a higher purpose.  Any activity or action that doesn’t serve your higher goal is wasted effort--and should be avoided.
7. Take responsibility for your own results. If you blame (or credit) luck, fate or divine intervention, you’ll always have an excuse.
8. Stretch past your limits on a daily basis. Walking the old, familiar paths is how you grow old. Stretching makes you grow and evolve.
9. Don't wait for perfection; do it now! Perfectionists are the losers in the game of life.  Strive for excellence rather than the unachievable.
10. Celebrate your failures. Your most important lessons in life will come from what you don't achieve. Take time to understand where you fell short.
11. Don’t take success too seriously. Success can breed tomorrow's failure if you use it as an excuse to become complacent.
12. Avoid weak goals.  Goals are the soul of achievement, so never begin them with "I'll try ..."  Always start with "I will" or "I must."
13. Treat inaction as the only real failure.  If you don’t take action, you fail by default and can't even learn from the experience.
14. Think before you speak.  Keep silent rather than express something that doesn’t serve your purpose.

BY GEOFFREY JAMES These simple strategies can keep you energized both on and off the job.

Motivate Yourself to Work Harder: 6 Tricks


Business woman, lazy, unmotivated, in glasses
Success takes time–sometimes longer than you'd like. If you're not careful, it's easy to become discouraged, and that makes it harder to achieve the success you deserve.
Here's a simple, seven-step plan to get your mojo back:
1. Define your purpose. Why are you working? Why are you doing this work? Only you can answer these questions. Some individuals are drawn to certain kinds of work, while others are individuals are simply looking for a payday or to feed their families. No purpose is inherently “better” than any other–but you need to know your purpose, so that the prospect of fulfilling of that purpose keeps you motivated.
2. Tie your purpose to your company's goals. Now that you’ve identified why you’re working, deliberately envision your company's offering (what it makes, provides or sells) as the vehicle through which you can fulfill your purpose. The more closely you associate, in your mind, your purpose with your company's product, the easier you’ll be able to motivate yourself to do what’s necessary to get your job done.
3. Tie your purpose to your team's success. If you're working with other people, they're depending upon you to get your job done. Fulfilling your purpose thus helps them become successful too–which means that you're having a positive impact on other people's lives.
4. Create ambitious goals for yourself. Now that you’ve got everything aligned, it’s time to set ambitious goals that, if achieved, will create success for yourself, your products, and your company. Pick exciting goals that will will inspire you to achieve them.
5. Create a workable but flexible plan. Now that you've got goals, create a step-by-step plan that constantly brings you closer to your goals. That will help you build additional confidence, commitment and the feeling that you’re in control of your destiny. Hint: If you aren’t sure how to build a plan that will work, get the help of somebody who’s already achieved what you want to achieve.
6. Take massive action ... starting now. Success is now just a matter of executing that plan, adjusting as necessary to achieve your goals. To start on the right foot, as soon as your write your plan, immediately take some action to achieve that plan. Motivation feeds on action. You want to build momentum that will continue to carry you toward your goal.
The main point here is to do all of this consciously, to make certain that everything in your work life is aligned.
BY GEOFFREY JAMES Feeling low on motivation? Use these sure-fire techniques to recharge your batteries.

4 Great Motivational Videos for 2012

In my role as the "mouthpiece" of the sales profession, I end up talking with a lot of successful salespeople. All of them are highly motivated, and many of them depend upon motivational books, audios and videos to keep them that way.
Of the three forms of communication, I believe that videos are the most effective, because the combination of sight and sound doubles the intensity. That's why the "tool kit" of everyone who must sell for a living should include some motivational videos.
With that in mind, here are four videos that, in my view, teach crucial lessons about motivation in a sales context. They're a perfect way to start out a new year.
Why Words Matter
It's not the just content of the message that you're communicating to your customers: It's the way that message is expressed.
Not Such a Lost Generation
Your internal dialog determines how you view the world.  Change that dialog and you change yourself.
Out of the Mouths of Toddlers...
Laugh all you want, but what you say to yourself first thing in the morning truly sets the tone for your entire day.
What Really Motivates Us
This one is more thoughtful (and longer) than the others, but it very cleverly discusses the source of your motivation--so that you better understand why you're successful (or why you're not as successful as you might want to be).

8 Ways to Improve Your Attitude

If you truly want to be successful, your number one task should be to create and maintain a positive attitude. When you've got an attitude of optimism, expectancy and enthusiasm, opportunities grow, and problems shrink.
If you're a leader, a positive attitude draws people to your side and encourages them to do their best work. A leader with a negative attitude, however, can only compel others to take action through fear.
More importantly, what would be point of being successful if you're always feeling lousy?  With that in mind, here's how to ensure your attitude stays upbeat:
1. Always act with a purpose.
Before you take any action, decide how it will serve your greater goals.  If the connection is weak or non-existent, take that action off your to-do list. Aimless activity wastes time and energy.
2. Stretch yourself past your limits every day.
Doing the same-old, same-old is depressing, even if your same-old has been successful in the past. Success is like athletics; if you don't stretch yourself every day, you gradually become slow and brittle.
3. Take action without expecting results.
While you naturally must make decisions and take action based upon the results you'd like to achieve, it's a big mistake to expect those results and then be disappointed when you don't get them.  Take your best shot but don't obsess about the target.
4. Use setbacks to improve your skills.
Rather than feeling bad if you fail or get rejected, look back at your actions and see what you can do (if anything) to improve your performances.  Remember: the results you receiveare the signposts for the results you want to achieve.
5. Seek out those who share your positive attitude.
It's a scientific fact your brain automatically imitates the behaviors of the people around you.  (It's because of something called a mirror neuron).  Therefore, you should surround yourself with positive thinkers and shun those who are excessively negative.
6. Don't take yourself so seriously.
If you want to be happier and make those around you feel more comfortable, cultivate the ability to laugh at yourself.  If you don't (or can't) laugh at yourself, I guarantee you that the people you work with are laughing behind your back!
7. Forgive the limitations of others.
High standards are important, but humans are, well, human. It's crazy to make yourself miserable because other people can't do a job as well as you think you could, or when people don't share your vision with the same passion that you feel.
8. Say "thank you" more frequently.
Achieving an "attitude of gratitude" requires more than simply being aware of what's wonderful in your life.  You must, and should, thank other people for their gifts to you, even if that gift is something as simple as a smile.

A positive attitude make success easy; a negative one makes success pointless.

2013年8月27日 星期二

NBA傳奇T-Mac退休 35秒豪取13分經典重溫

繼艾佛遜(Allen Iverson)上週宣布從NBA退休後,外號T-Mac的麥基迪(Tracy McGrady)也在昨天於個人Twitter宣佈從NBA退休
此舉無疑為到海外「掘金」預留想像空間。T-Mac在留言中表示多謝球迷在16年來的支持。他曾參與七次明星賽,「我已經在所愛的NBA征戰16年了,我有過偉大的生涯,但該是畫下句點的時候了。」T-Mac在NBA的生涯平均每場取得19.6分、5.6個籃板球與4.4次助攻。可惜他始終與冠軍指環無緣。留言以「Stay Tuned」作結,似叫球迷繼續留意他的去向。
他最為球迷津津樂道的,就是於2004年為侯斯頓火箭上陣時,在比賽末段的35秒取得13分,助球隊以一分險勝,去片!

2013年8月22日 星期四

The Most Important 30 Minutes Your Team Will Ever Spend Together


History often prevents us from doing great things together.
Here comes Sofia, for example, taking her seat at your weekly managers' meeting. You know she's good at what she does, but that massive screw-up she was responsible for three months ago --with your best customer, no less -- still stings. You'll complete the meeting politely, of course, and she will have no idea you're still harboring hurt. But you'll also fail to collaborate at the level you could-- and should.
Now here's Fred sauntering through the conference room door. You know he's absolutely the best guy for that exciting new project you have, but you find it hard to engage with him at present, because you know he's in open conflict with another manager and with you for taking the other manager's side. To prevent any further grief, you'll give the project to someone else and it won't be as well executed as it would have been if Fred had managed it.
And now you're half way through the managers' meeting, but only one-tenth of the way through the agenda. Why? Because you, and Sofia, and Fred, and Mateo, and Kirsty-- in fact everyone around the table -- has at least one issue with someone else. They all nurse some grievance, some story, some narrative, some perspective that colors and warps your interaction as a team.
No-one's being mean. No-one's being ornery. Heck, except occasionally for Fred, no-one's even impolite. But the little asides, the passive-aggressive comments, the only-just-concealed eye-rolling is slowing everything down. Having to steer every meeting as if treading through a minefield of hidden emotions is draining the lifeblood of vision, innovation, creativity and passion from your interaction as a team. It's making you mediocre at best, and, you fear, increasingly ineffective.
What to do?
Simple. Declare an amnesty.
At least once a year have one meeting devoted to nothing but filling a couple of flip-chart sheets with every nursed grievance, every contested narrative, every 'he-said, she-said' and every "I can't believe you did that..." that the team can come up with. Then have each team member sign at the bottom that they absolutely, irrevocably agree to forgive and forget each and every point on the sheets.
Draw a line through each item-- a literal, black-Sharpie line, hug a little, and get back to being extraordinary.
Yes, you'll start piling up some new narratives, but at least they're new ones, right? And you can forgive those in six month's time.
If you have the intestinal fortitude for it, here's how to declare group amnesty in under 30 minutes:
1. Get everyone in a room together with a whiteboard or flip chart and a bunch of post-its.
2. Have everyone in the group take 10 minutes or so to write on a post-it the source of any major frustration they have with either the team as a whole, or with individual members, using one post-it for each topic, if they have more than one (most will).
3. After the time is up (or everyone has stopped writing), have the team members stick their post-its on the whiteboard or flip chart, and send them off for a 10-minute break.
4. During the break, 'clump' the post-its (put together all the post-its that cover the same topic or event) and from them produce a master list of every event, decision, statement, attitude or act that the team members have indicated is getting in the way of high-quality interaction.
5. Here's the tricky bit: When the group returns, go through the list, not inviting any further debate, but asking the group if they are prepared to declare a team 'amnesty' on those items – to draw a line under them, to let their annoyance, resentment or frustration go, and to agree not to let those issues cloud their interactions in the future. As you get their consent, draw a thick black line through each item.
6. Have everyone sign the master list indicating their agreement to amnesty.
This is team effectiveness 202 ‚ it's not beginner's stuff, and it's not for the faint-hearted. You need a strong facilitator and a mature team to pull it off. But if you can make it work, you'll see a turbo-boost in your team's effectiveness immediately.
Download a free chapter from the author's book, "The Synergist: How to Lead Your Team to Predictable Success" which provides a comprehensive model for building a cohesive, highly functioning team.

At some point, you can't lead a team until you fix the personal conflicts between them. Here's how to do it in one session.

How Inc. 500 CEOs Approach the Toughest Task: Leadership

The New Rules for Marketing

IWindow shopping
f you think of marketing as the same thing it was twenty (or even ten) years ago, you're basically screwed. The reason is simple. What works today is the opposite of what worked in the past.
The Old Rules
Here's are the rules for marketing that are taught in most business courses, and are common inside most companies (many of whom are struggling):
  • Step 1. Create a product that has a broad appeal to a large number of consumers or buyers.
  • Step 2. Reach as large an audience as possible with a message that appeals to  many of those potential buyers.
  • Step 3. Create a recognizable brand name that can be extended into additional product categories.
While it's true that companies following these rules have, in the past, been able to build strong brands like Sony and Coke, this type of "broadcast marketing" no longer works because:
  1. The Internet and wealth of media outlets has fragmented consumers and buyers into ever smaller groups, each with its own characteristics and interests.
  2. Messages that appeal to those consumers and buyer must be highly customized and specific in order to gain any attention.
  3. The proliferation of brand and brand messages has become so overwhelming that consumer and buyers simply tune them out.
In other words, what worked for Coke ain't gonna work for you.
The New Rules
Here's what DOES work:
  • Step 1. Create a product that addresses a very specific type of consumer and buyer.
  • Step 2. Target your initial messaging at that audience in order to "convert" them into your advocates.
  • Step 3. Have those advocates define your brand name and the future of your offerings.
Note that this is the exact opposite of what worked in the past.
  1. Where the old rules were "broadcast" and used various forms of mass media, the new rules are "narrowcast" and use highly targeted media.
  2. Where the old rules were all about reaching the masses, the new rules are all about reaching small groups of individuals.
  3. Where the old rules left you in control of your brand and destiny, the new rules puts that control in the hands of your customers.
Ignore these new rules at your own peril.

What works today is the exact opposite of what worked a decade ago.

10 Dumb Things Bosses Say (and What to Say Instead)

bad boss, Office Space

Being the boss is hard work and it's even harder if your employees think you're acting like a fool.  Here are ten common silly phrases that bosses use, followed by a far more effective alternative.
10. "Don't ever talk to my boss."
A boss sometimes worry that if employees talk to his or her own boss, it will undermine the boss's own authority.  To prevent this, the boss instructs employees to channel all communications through the official management chain.
This is dumb because information/gossip/opinion flies around the company with the speed of light and it's ridiculous for anyone to try to control it. Because of this, a boss who wishes to suppress discussion just comes off looking paranoid.
Smart bosses say: "Always keep me in the loop."
9. "Track how you spend every hour."
Some bosses believe that if they can track how everyone in the organizations spends his or her time, they'll get a better handle on what's going on and thereby be able to make better decisions.
However, obsessive time tracking makes it harder to have "skunk works" projects that are the primary source of innovation in most companies.  At the same time, employees inevitably start "fudging" their hours to match management's expectations.
Smart bosses say: "Here's what I need you to accomplish:..."
8. "Use fewer office supplies."
Sure, office supplies cost money, but so does worrying about using less of them. For example, I was once in a firm that sharply limited the amount of copier paper to save money.  The result was hoarding and raiding, all of which consumed time and money.
Similarly, I have twice seen email from inside Fortune 100 firms suggesting that employees reuse their paperclips. However, if an office worker spends .1 second worrying about a paperclip, it costs more than the cost of the paper clip.
Smart bosses say: "Worry about getting the job done."
7. "The customer is always right."
I addressed this issue recently in the post "The Customer is Often Wrong."  The problem here is that when bosses use this tired phrase, it's usually to undermine the best judgment of a salesperson who's much closer to the situation.
Bosses are supposed to manage employees, not customers and when they intrude themselves in customer relationships, there's a high likelihood they'll take action based upon ignorance.  Just ask any salesperson.
Smart bosses say: "I support your decision."
6. "We expect corporate loyalty."
Many bosses believe that employees should be willing remain in their jobs even when they can get a better job elsewhere.  This is especially true when the employer has spent money to train the employee in a specialty.
The thing about loyalty, though, is that it's supposed to go both ways.  Maybe corporate loyalty made sense when companies guaranteed lifetime employment.  But, today, why should employees feel loyal when they know they could be outsourced in a heartbeat?
Smart bosses say: "I'll continue to pay you what you're worth."
5. "This is a meritocracy."
Many companies--especially in high tech industries--claim that the smartest employees always get the promotions. However, a cursory glance at almost any medium-sized firm shows that the "Peter Principle" is just as often the rule.
Beyond this, it's perfectly ridiculous to talk about a meritocracy in any industry where less than half of the top executives are female.  After all, women started attending college in equal numbers as men 40 years ago.
Smart bosses say: "We try our best to hire and promote the best."
4. "You'll gain valuable experience."
Bosses say this whenever they want somebody to work for less than their labor is worth to the company. The perfect example of this is the unpaid internship, but bosses also use this bait to hook seasoned employees, too.
Let's suppose that the concept has merit.  In this case, shouldn't first-time CEOs who take over established firms all be paid $0.00? After all, aren't they gaining valuable experience that they can use when they get their next job?
Smart bosses say: "You'll be paid what you're worth and you'll learn something, too."
3. "There's no truth to that rumor."
Bosses often believe that the can tamp down a rumor by denying that it's true. However, anybody with an ounce of sense realizes that if the rumor weren't true, the boss wouldn't be giving it special attention.
Nevertheless, bosses keep trying, especially when their company is about to downsize.  Here is one case, though, where a meritocracy exists.  The smart employees start looking for another job as soon as the downsizing rumor is denied.
Smart bosses say: Nothing.
2. "It's my way or the highway."
Many bosses think that they should know more about their employees' jobs than the employees know themselves.  As a result, the boss lays out exactly how everything is to be done and insists that the employee toe that line.
However, bosses are supposed to be managing people, not the work that those people do. A boss should tell employees what to do rather than how to do it.  Even when coaching, the boss should help the employee find his or her own way of doing things better.
Smart bosses say: "Let's try it your way."
1. "Because I said so."
While this justification might make sense for a five-year-old who can't understand adult reasoning, in the context of business, leaning on your authority as a manager is both lazy and stupid.
Because they're responsible adults rather than toddlers, employees are far more likely to support a decision with which they disagree if they understand the boss's reasoning for making that particular decision.
Smart bosses say: "I made this decision because..."

Being the boss is difficult enough without making it harder by saying silly things.